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Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication used to treat narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and shift work sleep disorder. It is taken by mouth. Modafinil is a first-line treatment for narcolepsy in the United States and Europe.
Read the full article on WikipediaNarcolepsy Clinical criteria: Treatment Phase: Initial 1 - treatment of narcolepsy without cataplexy Treatment criteria: Must be treated by a qualified sleep medicine practitioner or neurologist. The treatment must be for use when therapy with dexamfetamine sulfate poses an unacceptable medical risk; OR The treatment must be for use when intolerance to dexamfetamine sulfate is of a severity to necessitate treatment withdrawal, AND Patient must have experienced excessive daytime sleepiness, recurrent naps or lapses into sleep occurring almost daily for at least 3 months, AND Patient must have a mean sleep latency less than or equal to 10 minutes on a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT); OR Patient must have an electroencephalographic (EEG) recording showing the pathologically rapid development of REM sleep, AND Patient must not have any medical or psychiatric disorder that could otherwise account for the hypersomnia. The presence of any one of the following indicates treatment with dexamfetamine sulfate poses an unacceptable medical risk: (a) a psychiatric disorder; (b) a cardiovascular disorder; (c) a history of substance abuse; (d) glaucoma; (e) any other absolute contraindication to dexamfetamine sulfate as specified in the TGA-approved Product Information. The MSLT must be preceded by nocturnal polysomnography. Sleep prior to the MSLT must be at least 6 hours in duration. The authority application must be made in writing and must include the following: (a) a completed authority prescription form; and (b) a completed Narcolepsy Initial PBS authority application and Supporting information form; and (c) details of the contraindication or intolerance to dexamfetamine sulfate; and (d) either: (i) the result and date of the polysomnography test and Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) conducted by, or under the supervision of, a qualified sleep medicine practitioner; or (ii) the result and date of the electroencephalograph (EEG), conducted by, or under the supervision of, a neurologist. The polysomnography, MSLT or EEG test reports must be provided with the authority application.
“Modafinil's precise mechanism of action in narcolepsy and other sleep disorders remains incompletely understood. Nevertheless, evidence from animal and human studies indicates that modafinil acts primarily as an atypical dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor or dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI), producing a modest increase in extracellular dopamine in cortical and striatal brain regions without inducing the rapid dopamine signaling characteristic of classical stimulants such as amphetamine or cocaine.”
“Modafinil: 12–15 hArmodafinil: 10–17 hEsmodafinil: 3–5 h”
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